Mientras he estado leyendo la novela Mary Barton de la escritora Elizabeth Gaskell me ha venido a la memoria muchos recuerdos de mi visita a la ciudad de
Manchester, la cual fue la primera ciudad industrializada del mundo y que desempeñó un papel muy importante en la Revolución Industrial. La escritora Elizabeth Gaskell llegó a Manchester en 1830 en su primera novela Mary Barton que bajo el subtitulo "Un Relato De La Vida De Manchester". Hace un retrato perfecto de una muchacha que vive de primera mano las tensiones del Manchester sumida en plena Revolución Industrial. En un entorno marcado por la pobreza, las tensiones sociales y las pésimas condiciones en el que se encontraba la clase trabajadora entre 1839-1842. Esta obra de ficción se desarrolla en la ciudad de Manchester y muchas partes de la historia se encuentran en los lugares que hoy en día todavía se conservan para que haya una mejor compresión de la novela y de sus personajes, he decidido trasladar la novela a las calles y visitar los lugares clave desde la historia y así poder reflexionar como la vida de la clase obrera en esa época y la relevancia de esta obra en la actualidad.
El recorrido empieza en Picadilly Gardens que es un espacio verde en el centro de Manchester y buen punto de encuentro. La plaza esta rodeada de jardines y áreas pavimentados con edificios de oficinas que en época de la Revolución industrial estaban ubicados las fabricas y las tiendas donde se comercializaba el algodón. Este lugar esta en una lista provisional del patrimonio de la humanidad de la Unesco debido principalmente a la red de canales y fabricas construidos entre los siglos dieciocho y diecinueve.
Un lugar espiritual para los Gaskell es "Cross Street Chapel". Esta capilla que en la novela de Mary Barton aparece como una colegiata. Tristemente fue destruida en un grupo jacobita, aunque reconstruido, se volvió destruir en la segunda guerra civil y reconstruido por segunda vez en 1959. Este lugar pertenece a la iglesia unitaria famoso por su contribución a la ayuda a los más necesitados. El marido de Elizabeth Gaskell, William Gaskell fue asistente del ministro de esta iglesia e hizo muchas contribuciones en ella. La calle Cross Street en 1830 recibió algunas mejoras aunque hoy en día es un lugar con un aspecto más moderno y muy distinto al de entonces.
Si vamos a King Street y pasamos por Mosley Street allí estaba el antiguo ayuntamiento y en su lugar esta la sede Lloyds Bank, entonces el banco de Inglaterra que se construyó en 1845 que fue el año que Gaskell empezó a escribir Mary Barton. En el lado este a través de Spring Gardens nos situamos frente "Portico Library" construido en estilo clásico entre 1802 y 1806 por Tom Harrison de Chester. hoy en dia es una biblioteca pública. Elizabeth Gaskell fue una alta dirigente de este lugar.
Justo girando la esquina en Princess Street, a pie a piedra en Copper Street estaba el Instituto de Mecánica que se estableció en 1824 por un grupo de manufactureros ricos y científicos con el propósito de proporcionar instalaciones para los trabajadores de las fabricas aprendieran los principios de la ciencia a través estudio a tiempo parcial. En este lugar uno de los personaje de la novela "Mary Barton" la invidente "Margaret Jennings" amiga de Mary, con un don para el canto, pide cantar para demostrar a el profesor de música sus dotes musicales. Puede que ese profesor de música, Gaskell en su obra se refiera a un compañero de Monsieur Halle que en 1850 dirigió conciertos en el Concert hall en Lower Mosley Street.
Siguiendo en Princess Street nos encontramos con el "Manchester Athenaeum" que fue construido como un club donde la sociedad que la frecuentaba para avanzar y difundir su conocimiento. En un principio hasta que tuvieron fondos para poder construirlos, este club se reunían en el "Royal Manchester Institution". Este lugar tenia sala de prensa, biblioteca, sala de conferencias y sala para tomar café, incluso los miembros del club le añadieron una sala de billar y un gimnasio. El estilo del edificio es Palazzo Italiano. El edificio fue adquirido en 1938 por el "Manchester Corporation" ahora este lugar forma parte como una extensión de la "Art Gallery".
Mucho del Manchester victoriano ha desaparecido
pero todavía quedan algunos restos, aunque hoy se encuentren a
la sobre de las grandes edificaciones más recientes. Uno de los privilegios de
vivir en Manchester es que uno puede caminar alrededor de la ciudad y sentirte
en estrecha relación con el pasado del siglo diecinueve. esta ciudad que
Elizabeth Gaskell habría conocido como una ciudad cultural y de vital
intelectualidad, tenemos el ejemplo del "Teatro Real" construido en 1845.
Esta situado al lado de "Free Trade Hall", que es el ejemplo de edificio que ha
sobrevivido a esa época victoriana. Este teatro fue comisionado por un
hombre de negocios llamado John Knotes y que después de
estrenar grandes obras de Shakespeare y tener como visitantes entre otros
a Charles Dickens se cerró en 1921 y ha sido convertido en 1970 en cine
luego fue un salón de Bingo y después una disco que ha
estado abierta hasta el 2012.
Como hemos dicho antes la "Free
Trade Hall" (salón de libre comercio) que fue construido como salón
público entre 1853 y 1856 por Edward Walter y dio un enfoque de
culturalidad a la ciudad dado que aquí se convirtió en un salón de conciertos financiado por suscripción popular y era la sede de la Halle Orchestra en 1858. este salón en 1920 fue comprado por "Manchester Corporation" y en 1940 fue bombardeado quedando bastante dañado, siendo reconstruido entre 1950-1951 detrás de las dos paredes de la fachada original que se abrió como una sala de conciertos. En 1996 la Hall Orchestra se traslada a al nuevo salón de conciertos Bridgewater Hall y ha estado cerrada hasta en 2004 la cadena de hoteles Radisson la ha convertido en el hotel Radisson Blu Edwardian.
En la novela Mary Barton se describe muy bien la zona obrera de Ancoats. Este lugar se encuentra en la parte norte del Manchester comercial, pues desde la apertura del canal de Rochdale en 1804 el desarrollo de la fabricas en Ancoats aumentaron convirtiéndolo en un área industrial más grande con una alta densidad de población en su mayoría inmigrantes italianos y irlandeses que vinieron a trabajar a las fabricas.
Las calles estaban llenas de casas adosadas, aunque las población más pobres de la comunidad las casas y bodegas eran divididas. En este lugar no había zonas verdes ni parques los únicos lugares públicos eran algunas iglesias. Hoy en día este lugar esta dentro del patrimonio industrial y como queda cerca de centro de la ciudad, se ha regenerado y reurbanizado dejando de ser un suburbio industrial y convirtiéndolo en una zona residencial.
Después visitar Ancoats nos vamos a "Chorlton-on Medlock" que es otro zona del centro de Manchester que durante revolución industrial algunas de sus calles se convirtieron como zona residenciales donde se empezaron a construir casa lujosas por las necesidades emergentes de los ciudadanos de clase media debido a la rápida expansión de la revolución industrial.
De esas Mansiones ya quedan muy pocas tan solo en "Oxford Road" donde se encuentran los campus universitarios, La universidad metropolitana de Manchester y la "Royal Northern College of Music". En esta calle también se encuentra "Aberdeen House" donde vivió durante un tiempo el sociologo y filosofo aleman "Friedrich Engels" que junto a Karl Marx escribió en 1845 "La Situación de la Clase obrera en Inglaterra". En la puerta de la casa hay una placa conmemorativa.
En esa misma zona todavía de conserva la Masión en la 84 de Plymouth Grove Aquí fue donde vivió desde 1850 hasta su muerte la escritora Elizabeth Gaskell con su familia. La casa fue habitada hasta la muerte de la hija de la escritora Margaret Emily conocida como "Meta" en 1913. Esta casa arquitectonicamente diseñada en el neoclasicismo es única en Manchester. La casa contiene 20 habitaciones en 3 plantas con un porche frontal rectangular que tiene 4 columnas talladas con formas de flor de loto evocando a la torre del viento de Atenas. A pesar de tener una fachada pintada en color rosa, en tiempos de la escritora se describía como una casa de color piedra. La casa ha sido restaurada y abrirá sus puertas a publico en octubre de 2014. Se han diseñado diferentes salas desde sala de conferencias, sala de exhibiciones y seminarios.
la novela Mary Barton es un homenaje a los valores de la comunidad de la clase trabajadora y la preocupación de Gaskell por los valores de esa comunidad y esto se localiza en Manchester, ciudad que en época victoriana solo se abordó la realidad dentro de la vida misma, la experiencia del día a día de las personas cuyo destino era vivir. Gaskell trató de escribir con sinceridad lo que ocurría en la época y expresó la convicción de la verdad dentro de lo que ocurrió en una ciudad como Manchester.
MANCHESTER AND MARY BARTON NOVEL BY ELIZABETH GASKELL.
While I have been reading the novel Mary Barton by Elizabeth Gaskell, I have been reminded my visit to Manchester city, which was the first industrialized city in the world and it played a major role in the Industrial Revolution. Elizabeth Gaskell came to Manchester in 1830 in her first novel Mary Barton under subtitle Tales The Life of Manchester. She makes a girl's perfect portrait that she knowns first hand the stresses of Manchester plunged during the industrial revolution. In an environment marked by poverty, social tensions and the appalling conditions in which was the working class between 1839-1842.
This work of fiction is set in Manchester city and many parts of the story are found in places that today are still preserved to have a better understanding of the novel and its characters, I decided to move to the novel through the streets and visit key locations from the story to reflect how was the life for the working class at that time and the relevance of this work today.
The tour begins in Piccadilly Gardens is a green space in Manchester city center and it is a good meeting point. The square is surrounded by gardens and paved areas with office buildings which the era of Industrial Revolution factories and shops were located where the cotton was sold. This place is a tentative list of World Heritage of Unesco mainly due to the network of canals and factories built between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
A spiritual place for the Gaskell is Cross Street Chapel, the chapel in Mary Barton novel appears as a collegiate. Sadly it was destroyed in a Jacobite group, although rebuilt, it became destroyed in the second civil war and rebuilt for the second time in 1959. This place belongs to the Unitarian Church famous for its contribution to assistance to the needy. Elizabeth Gaskell husband, William Gaskell was assistant minister of this church and he made many contributions in it. Cross Street in 1830 received some improvements but today it is a place with a more modern and very different look what it was then.
If you're going to King Street and we passed Mosley Street there was the old town hall and instead the headquarters Lloyds Bank, what it was then the Bank of England that it was built in 1845, in that year Elizabeth Gaskell began writing Mary Barton. On the east side through Spring Gardens we face with "Portico Library" which built in classical style between 1802 and 1806 by Tom Harrison of Chester. Today is a public library. Elizabeth Gaskell was a leadership of this place.
Going down Mosley Street we find "City Art Gallery" at that time was a real institution which was designed by Charles Barry in Greek Ionic style, with rustic sandstone Ashlar. The entrance to the gallery is free and it has a civic art collection that includes local and internationally importance works.
Just around the corner on Princess Street, close to Cooper Street it is the "Mechanics Institute" which was established in 1824 by a group of wealthy manufacturers and scientists with the purpose of providing facilities for the factories workers to learn the principles of science through part-time study. In this place a blind girl "Margaret Jennings" one of the character in Mary Barton novel , she is Mary's friend with and she has a talent for singing, she asks to sing here to show her talent to music teacher. Maybe that music teacher, Gaskell in her work she refers to a Mousier Halle's colleague who conducted concerts in the Concert Hall in Lower Mosley Street in 1850.
Walk along Princess Street we find the Manchester Athenaeum which was built as a club where the society frequented to advance and disseminate knowledge. At first until they had funds to be able to build club members met up at the Royal Manchester Institution. This place had media room, library, conference room and coffee room, even club members added a billiard room and a gym. The building style is Italian Palazzo. The building was purchased in 1938 by the Manchester Corporation now part here as an extension to the Art Gallery.
Much of Victorian Manchester has disappeared but there are still some remains, although today they are positioned on the most recent large buildings. One of the privileges of living in Manchester is that you can walk around the city and feel closely connected with the past of the nineteenth century. This city that Elizabeth Gaskell would have known as a vital cultural and intellectual city, we have the example in "Real Theater" which built in 1845. It is located next to "Free Trade Hall", which is a building that has survived the Victorian era . This theater was commissioned by a businessman called John Knotes and then to premier the best Shakespeare's works and was privileged in having as visitor to Charles Dickens. It was closed in 1921 and it was converted in 1970 in cinema later it was a bingo hall and finally it was a disco which was open until 2012.
As stated earlier the Free Trade Hall which was built as a public hall between 1853 and 1856 by Edward Walter and it gave an approach culturalism city because here it became a concert hall funded by public subscription and it was t Halle Orchestra home in 1858. This room in 1920 was matched by Manchester Corporation and in 1940 was bombed being badly damaged, being rebuilt between 1950-1951 behind the two walls of the original facade which opened as a concert hall. Orchestra Hall in 1996 moved to Bridgewater Hall. It has been closed until 2004 the Radisson hotel chain has become the Radisson Edwardian hotel.
In the Mary Barton novel, it is described very well the working area "Ancoats" where it is located in the northern part of Manchester Trade, because from the Rochdale Canal opened in 1804 the development of factories in Ancoats increased converting it into a bigger industrial area with a high population density in its mostly Italian and Irish immigrants who came to
work in cotton factories. The streets were full of terraced houses, although the poorest population of the community houses and warehouses were divided, in this place there were no green areas or parks the only public places were some churches. Today this place is within the industrial heritage and it is as close to downtown. Ancoats has been regenerated and redeveloped ceasing to be an industrial suburb and turning it into a residential area.
After visiting Ancoats, let's go to "Chorlton-on Medlock" which is another area in the center of Manchester during Industrial Revolution some of its streets became as residential area where it started building luxurious home due to the emerging needs of the middle class people because the rapid expansion of the industrial revolution rose their social level.
There are a few mansions of those nowadays only in Oxford Road where they are university campus, Manchester Metropolitan University and the Royal Northern College of Music. This street is also "Aberdeen House" where he lived for a time the German sociologist and philosopher "Friedrich Engels" who together with Karl Marx wrote in 1845 "The Status of the Working Class in England". At the door of the house is a commemorative plaque.
In the same area still preserves the Masion on 84 Plymouth Grove This is where he lived with her family from 1850 until Elizabeth Gaskell's death . The house was inhabited until the daughter's writer death Margaret Emily called "Meta" in 1913. This home architecturally designed in neoclassicism is unique in Manchester. The house contains 20 rooms on 3 floors with a rectangular front porch wich has 4 columns carved with lotus flower shapes evoking "Athens Wind Tower" . Despite having a pink facade, during the writer period, it was described as a stone color facade. The house has been restored and it will open to the public in October 2014. It has been designed different conference rooms, exhibition hall and seminars.
Elizabeth Gaskell's novel "Mary Barton" is a tribute to the community values of the working class and Gaskell's concern for the values of this community and this is located in Manchester, a city which in Victorian times was addressed only within the reality of life itself ,the experience of people's everyday whose destiny was to live. Gaskell tried to write honestly what was happening at the time and she expressed her truth conviction about what happened in such a city as Manchester.
De esas Mansiones ya quedan muy pocas tan solo en "Oxford Road" donde se encuentran los campus universitarios, La universidad metropolitana de Manchester y la "Royal Northern College of Music". En esta calle también se encuentra "Aberdeen House" donde vivió durante un tiempo el sociologo y filosofo aleman "Friedrich Engels" que junto a Karl Marx escribió en 1845 "La Situación de la Clase obrera en Inglaterra". En la puerta de la casa hay una placa conmemorativa.
En esa misma zona todavía de conserva la Masión en la 84 de Plymouth Grove Aquí fue donde vivió desde 1850 hasta su muerte la escritora Elizabeth Gaskell con su familia. La casa fue habitada hasta la muerte de la hija de la escritora Margaret Emily conocida como "Meta" en 1913. Esta casa arquitectonicamente diseñada en el neoclasicismo es única en Manchester. La casa contiene 20 habitaciones en 3 plantas con un porche frontal rectangular que tiene 4 columnas talladas con formas de flor de loto evocando a la torre del viento de Atenas. A pesar de tener una fachada pintada en color rosa, en tiempos de la escritora se describía como una casa de color piedra. La casa ha sido restaurada y abrirá sus puertas a publico en octubre de 2014. Se han diseñado diferentes salas desde sala de conferencias, sala de exhibiciones y seminarios.
la novela Mary Barton es un homenaje a los valores de la comunidad de la clase trabajadora y la preocupación de Gaskell por los valores de esa comunidad y esto se localiza en Manchester, ciudad que en época victoriana solo se abordó la realidad dentro de la vida misma, la experiencia del día a día de las personas cuyo destino era vivir. Gaskell trató de escribir con sinceridad lo que ocurría en la época y expresó la convicción de la verdad dentro de lo que ocurrió en una ciudad como Manchester.
MANCHESTER AND MARY BARTON NOVEL BY ELIZABETH GASKELL.
While I have been reading the novel Mary Barton by Elizabeth Gaskell, I have been reminded my visit to Manchester city, which was the first industrialized city in the world and it played a major role in the Industrial Revolution. Elizabeth Gaskell came to Manchester in 1830 in her first novel Mary Barton under subtitle Tales The Life of Manchester. She makes a girl's perfect portrait that she knowns first hand the stresses of Manchester plunged during the industrial revolution. In an environment marked by poverty, social tensions and the appalling conditions in which was the working class between 1839-1842.
This work of fiction is set in Manchester city and many parts of the story are found in places that today are still preserved to have a better understanding of the novel and its characters, I decided to move to the novel through the streets and visit key locations from the story to reflect how was the life for the working class at that time and the relevance of this work today.
The tour begins in Piccadilly Gardens is a green space in Manchester city center and it is a good meeting point. The square is surrounded by gardens and paved areas with office buildings which the era of Industrial Revolution factories and shops were located where the cotton was sold. This place is a tentative list of World Heritage of Unesco mainly due to the network of canals and factories built between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
A spiritual place for the Gaskell is Cross Street Chapel, the chapel in Mary Barton novel appears as a collegiate. Sadly it was destroyed in a Jacobite group, although rebuilt, it became destroyed in the second civil war and rebuilt for the second time in 1959. This place belongs to the Unitarian Church famous for its contribution to assistance to the needy. Elizabeth Gaskell husband, William Gaskell was assistant minister of this church and he made many contributions in it. Cross Street in 1830 received some improvements but today it is a place with a more modern and very different look what it was then.
If you're going to King Street and we passed Mosley Street there was the old town hall and instead the headquarters Lloyds Bank, what it was then the Bank of England that it was built in 1845, in that year Elizabeth Gaskell began writing Mary Barton. On the east side through Spring Gardens we face with "Portico Library" which built in classical style between 1802 and 1806 by Tom Harrison of Chester. Today is a public library. Elizabeth Gaskell was a leadership of this place.
Going down Mosley Street we find "City Art Gallery" at that time was a real institution which was designed by Charles Barry in Greek Ionic style, with rustic sandstone Ashlar. The entrance to the gallery is free and it has a civic art collection that includes local and internationally importance works.
Just around the corner on Princess Street, close to Cooper Street it is the "Mechanics Institute" which was established in 1824 by a group of wealthy manufacturers and scientists with the purpose of providing facilities for the factories workers to learn the principles of science through part-time study. In this place a blind girl "Margaret Jennings" one of the character in Mary Barton novel , she is Mary's friend with and she has a talent for singing, she asks to sing here to show her talent to music teacher. Maybe that music teacher, Gaskell in her work she refers to a Mousier Halle's colleague who conducted concerts in the Concert Hall in Lower Mosley Street in 1850.
Much of Victorian Manchester has disappeared but there are still some remains, although today they are positioned on the most recent large buildings. One of the privileges of living in Manchester is that you can walk around the city and feel closely connected with the past of the nineteenth century. This city that Elizabeth Gaskell would have known as a vital cultural and intellectual city, we have the example in "Real Theater" which built in 1845. It is located next to "Free Trade Hall", which is a building that has survived the Victorian era . This theater was commissioned by a businessman called John Knotes and then to premier the best Shakespeare's works and was privileged in having as visitor to Charles Dickens. It was closed in 1921 and it was converted in 1970 in cinema later it was a bingo hall and finally it was a disco which was open until 2012.
As stated earlier the Free Trade Hall which was built as a public hall between 1853 and 1856 by Edward Walter and it gave an approach culturalism city because here it became a concert hall funded by public subscription and it was t Halle Orchestra home in 1858. This room in 1920 was matched by Manchester Corporation and in 1940 was bombed being badly damaged, being rebuilt between 1950-1951 behind the two walls of the original facade which opened as a concert hall. Orchestra Hall in 1996 moved to Bridgewater Hall. It has been closed until 2004 the Radisson hotel chain has become the Radisson Edwardian hotel.
In the Mary Barton novel, it is described very well the working area "Ancoats" where it is located in the northern part of Manchester Trade, because from the Rochdale Canal opened in 1804 the development of factories in Ancoats increased converting it into a bigger industrial area with a high population density in its mostly Italian and Irish immigrants who came to
work in cotton factories. The streets were full of terraced houses, although the poorest population of the community houses and warehouses were divided, in this place there were no green areas or parks the only public places were some churches. Today this place is within the industrial heritage and it is as close to downtown. Ancoats has been regenerated and redeveloped ceasing to be an industrial suburb and turning it into a residential area.
After visiting Ancoats, let's go to "Chorlton-on Medlock" which is another area in the center of Manchester during Industrial Revolution some of its streets became as residential area where it started building luxurious home due to the emerging needs of the middle class people because the rapid expansion of the industrial revolution rose their social level.
There are a few mansions of those nowadays only in Oxford Road where they are university campus, Manchester Metropolitan University and the Royal Northern College of Music. This street is also "Aberdeen House" where he lived for a time the German sociologist and philosopher "Friedrich Engels" who together with Karl Marx wrote in 1845 "The Status of the Working Class in England". At the door of the house is a commemorative plaque.
In the same area still preserves the Masion on 84 Plymouth Grove This is where he lived with her family from 1850 until Elizabeth Gaskell's death . The house was inhabited until the daughter's writer death Margaret Emily called "Meta" in 1913. This home architecturally designed in neoclassicism is unique in Manchester. The house contains 20 rooms on 3 floors with a rectangular front porch wich has 4 columns carved with lotus flower shapes evoking "Athens Wind Tower" . Despite having a pink facade, during the writer period, it was described as a stone color facade. The house has been restored and it will open to the public in October 2014. It has been designed different conference rooms, exhibition hall and seminars.
Elizabeth Gaskell's novel "Mary Barton" is a tribute to the community values of the working class and Gaskell's concern for the values of this community and this is located in Manchester, a city which in Victorian times was addressed only within the reality of life itself ,the experience of people's everyday whose destiny was to live. Gaskell tried to write honestly what was happening at the time and she expressed her truth conviction about what happened in such a city as Manchester.
El Faro | 11 de julio de 2014, 10:38
Gracias; Magda!!!
Me ha gustado este paseo por Manchester y por el menú de degustación de la novela Mary Barton.
A lo mejor me la incluyo en mi lista de lectura para mis vacaciones
Besos
Unknown | 11 de julio de 2014, 19:23
Gracias a ti y a tu fidelidad tomando te con Magda se ha convertido en un blog muy especial.
un fuerte abrazo